Ranokršćanska freska iz Štrbinaca kod Đakova

The article describes an early Christian fresco discovered in 1991 at the site of Štrbinci near Đakovo (probably Roman Certissa), analyzes its style and iconographic symbolism, and places it in an archaeological and historical context. The fresco shows two facing peacocks flanking a vase, a Christogram, suns and stars in the interspaces, and is framed with a latticed ribbon. It is interpreted as an allegory of salvation and resurrection, of eternal life. On the basis of style, theme and archaeological context, the fresco is dated to the third quarter of the fourth century, and defined as the work of a local master

TWO ROMAN FUNERARY MEDALLIONS FROM NORTH CROATIA IN THE CONTEXT OF NORICOPANNONIAN STONE CARVING PRODUCTION

The funerary medallion is a kind of Roman gravestone that was widespread in Noricum, and somewhat less so in Pannonia. So far only two examples are known from Croatia, one from the village of Majur to the west of Bjelovar, and the other one from the village of Biškupci southeast of Daruvar, both unfortunately chance finds without a precise archaeological context. The first part of the paper addresses a general spatial-chronological and cultural context for such finds. The second part discusses the only two such monuments from north Croatia, which were first published in 2018 within a wider evidence of Roman funerary monuments from north-western Croatia. In this paper these two medallions are juxtaposed and discussed in minute detail in their archaeological and cultural-historical context within Norico-Pannonian funerary art. The example from Biškupci is dated to the early 3rd century, and the one from Majur to the mid or later 3rd century

SEVERAN CULTURE, Edited by Simon Swain, Stephen Harrison, Jaś Elsner, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007, 569 str., 117

Prikaz knjige SEVERAN CULTURE, Edited by Simon Swain, Stephen Harrison, Jaś Elsner, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007, 569 str., 117 crno-bijelih ilustracija (fotografije, crteži, table, karte), popis literature (str. 512-560), indeks (str. 561-569)

Fragments of a Chain Mail as Amulets in the late Roman Cemetery at Štrbinci near Đakovo

Na provincijalno-rimskom groblju Štrbinci kod Đakova, iz druge polovice 4. i prve polovice 5. st., dosad je istraženo stotinjak kosturnih grobova. Među većinom priloga, prosječnih u smislu učestalosti pojavljivanja na kasnorimskim grobljima Panonije, zatečena je i nekolicina nalaza iznimnih po svojoj materijalnoj, statusnoj i/ili kulturnoj rijetkosti, dragocjenosti ili pak neobičnosti. Među njima su i dva ulomka željeznih lančanih prepleta, oba priložena u grobovima djece. Ti nalazi u ovom su radu protumačeni kao dijelovi karičastog oklopa, a njihova uloga u grobnom kultu kao ritualno-apotropejski postupak povezan s preranom smrću. Vjerojatno je običaj prilaganja takvih predmeta u provincijalno-rimsku sredinu dospio iz barbarskog kulturnog kruga, najvjerojatnije gepidskog ili gotskog.Around a hundred skeletal graves have been excavated so far at the provincial-Roman cemetery at Štrbinci near Đakovo from the 2nd half of the 4th and the 1st half of the 5th century. Among the majority of grave goods, average in terms of the frequency of presence in the late Roman cemeteries in Pannonia, there were several that can be considered exceptional by virtue of their material, status and/or cultural rarity, value or singularity. Among these finds are two fragments of iron chain mesh, both deposited in children’s graves. These finds are interpreted in this work as pieces of a chain mail, and their role in the funerary cult as a ritual-apotropaic procedure connected with premature death. The custom of depositing such objects in a provincial-Roman millieu probably arrived from the barbarian cultural circle, most likely the Gepid or Gothic one

A Soldier Stele from Lobor

Vojnička stela iz Lobora kod Zlatara (Hrvatsko zagorje), danas u Arheološkome muzeju u Zagrebu, višekratno je objavljena u sklopu većih zbirki raznorodnih kamenih spomenika, ali uz posve sažeto predočenje osnovnih povijesnih, epigrafskih i ikonografskih podataka. Ovdje se taj spomenik razrađuju opširnije, s naglaskom na analizi ukupne ikonografije i formalne tipologije kao osnove za datiranje u razdoblje oko 220.-250., pri čemu se ispravljaju pojedina pogrješna opažanja ili tumačenja iz prethodnih objava. Osim toga, nastoji se ustanoviti radioničko podrijetlo u kontekstu noričko panonske grobne umjetnosti, ali i društvene okolnosti nastanka stele kao vojničkog spomenika u razdoblju izrazite povlaštenosti vojničkog sloja u provinciji Panoniji.A limestone stele from the village of Lobor (north-western Croatia) was accidentally recovered in 1857, but its archaeological context has never been established (figs. 1, 2). Its find spot belonged to a Roman settlement or a villa in the territory of either Andautonia or Poetovio, both towns in the Roman province of Pannonia Superior. It was first published in 1909, the stress being on epigraphy, and was later mentioned in passing in a number of articles in various contexts. In some of them the stele in question was illustrated by drawings featuring some false or imprecise details (figs. 3, 4); therefore, a new one has been made for the needs of the present discussion (fig. 2). The aim of this paper was to discuss the stone from Lobor in detail, with the stress on military iconography, social context of its use and the workshop affiliation. The epitaph reveals that the tombstone was put up by the mother and a brother, Septimia Lucilla and Cocceius, signifer of Legio X gemina, to 30-year-old Marcus Cocceius Superianus, centurion of the same legion and to 40-year-old praetorian Valerius Lucilianus. It transpires from the names and the woman’s clothes that it was an early Romanised native family, with a long tradition of serving in the Roman army. The dress and equipment of both soldiers are the same: a sagum with a round brooch, a long-sleeve tunic, a belt with a rectangular frame buckle, a spatha worn on the left side and ending in a round scabbard chape and a baldric featuring an oval mount. The only difference between them is in that the soldier on the right side has one scroll in his left hand, while the other one has two, one each in each hand (possibly the praetorian). The woman is clad in native costume, with the overdress fastened on the shoulders by brooches of the shape unparalleled elsewhere. On the basis of the dress, equipment and the portraits, the stele should be dated 220-250 A.D. The form of the stone points toward Norican typological traits and seems to have been manufactured in the workshop(s) of Andautonia or under its influence, rather than in Poetovio. A comparison between the stele from Lobor and one from Brusnik (mid northern Croatia) (fig. 5), whose typology is completely different although it was also military (legionary) and from the same period and the same province, points to soldiers as an integrated element of the civilian community

Zusatz zur Datierung der auBerstadtischen friihchristlichen Architektur des breiteren salonitanischen Bereiches

The article deals with the problems of dating the Early Christian village churches in the area of the Salonitan metropolitan sec between the rivers Krka and Cetina. These buildings are often placed in a too broad chronological period, from the 5th to the 6th Centuries, or even rather late, in the middle or 2nd half of the 6'h Century. The formal theoretical and the practical material reasons arc enumerated, showing that the majority were probably founded in the 5lh Century or in the 1st half of the 6lh Ccntury. The above mentioned Early Christian churches generally underwent alteration, additional building and renewal of furnishing, as a result of which, dating, on the basis of isolated elements, is frequently too wide or too late.Obdelano je vprašanje datacije vaških zgodnjekrščanskih cerkva v delu salonitanske metropolije med Krko in Cetino. Ker sc te zgradbe najpogosteje umeščajo v preširok časovni okvir (5. ali 6. st.) ali pa zelo pozno, v sredino in 2. pol. 6. st., so v delu našteti teoretično-formalni. pa tudi materialnopraktični razlogi, ki nakazujejo, da so verjetno nastale po večini v 5. ali v I. pol. 6. st. Te zgodnjekrščanske cerkve so pozneje spreminjali, jih dograjevali ali obnavljali njihovo opremo. zaradi česar so bile - pogosto na podlagi posameznih prvin - datirane preširoko ali prepozno

Interdisciplinarnost u ranokršćanskoj arheologiji

Autorica razmatra promjene u danaπnjoj ranokršćanskoj arheologiji, a cilj joj je uvidjeti cjelokupan život ranokršćanskih zajednica i, šire, kršćanske civilizacije, pri čemu je nužno upućena na suradnju s bliskim znanostima: povijesti i povijesti umjetnosti te stručnjacima specijaliziranim za različite vrste povijesne građe (epigrafiju, topografiju, arhitekturu, skulpturu)

KASNOANTIČKO GROBLJE NA ŠTRBINCIMA KOD ĐAKOVA – ISKOPAVANJA U 2004. I 2005.

U sustavnim zaštitnim iskopavanjima groblja iz 2. polovice 4. st. na Štrbincima kod Đakova u 2004. i 2005. istražena je površina od 510 m2. Dio istraženih stratigrafskih jedinica pripada prapovijesnome razdoblju, jer je groblje ukopanu na mjestu neolitičkoga naselja. Dio njih može se datirati u 16.-17. st., kada je prostor groblja bio posjećivan ili privremeno nastanjen, a antičke grobnice razarane radi ponovne uporabe opeke. Kasnoantičkome horizontu pripada 46 grobova, od čega 24 ukopa u zemljanoj raci, 6 ukopa u drvenom sanduku i zemljanoj raci te 17 opekom zidanih grobnica, djelomice ili posve razorenih. Antropološkom analizom ustanovljeno je 18 muškaraca u dobi od 15/18-50/55 god., 19 žena u dobi od 15/18-50/55, 7 djece u dobi od 3/4-12/15 i jedno novorođenče. Većina ukopa sadržavala je ispružene kosture, s glavom na zapadu i većim ili manjim otklonom prema sjeveru ili jugu; iznimke su grobnica 109 (S-J) i 114 (SI-JZ). U 30 grobova/grobnica nađen je velik broj priloga od običnih i plemenitih kovina, gline, stakla i kosti (raznovrstan nakit i oprema odjeće, te alatke i posuđe). U kataloškome pregledu dân je opis grobova i grobnih priloga, te njihovo datiranje i usporedbe. U razmatranjima raspravlja se o tipološko-kronološkim, imovinskim, gospodarskim, statusnim i religijsko-ritualnim vidovima pojedinih skupina građe, kao i o višeslojnoj topografiji nalazišta i njegovu kulturološkome kontekstu